329 Longest Increasing Path in a Matrix

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-increasing-path-in-a-matrix/

solution

• dfs + dp

  • top-down: 周围比自己小的加1, 记忆化搜索

  • bottem-up: 先排序，再搜索

# https://blog.csdn.net/u013325815/article/details/105806262

class Solution:
    def __init__(self):
        self.dirs = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1]]

    def longestIncreasingPath(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        if not matrix:
            return 0

        m = len(matrix)
        n = len(matrix[0])

        dp = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
        res = 0
        for i in range(m):
            for j in range(n):
                res = max(res, self.dfs(matrix, i, j, dp))
        return res

    def dfs(self, matrix, i, j, dp):
        if dp[i][j]:
            return dp[i][j]

        dp[i][j] = 1
        for x, y in self.dirs:
            new_i = i + x
            new_j = j + y
            if 0 <= new_i < len(matrix) and 0 <= new_j < len(matrix[0]) and matrix[new_i][new_j] > matrix[i][j]:
                dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], self.dfs(matrix, new_i, new_j, dp) + 1)
        return dp[i][j]

时间复杂度：O(mn) 空间复杂度：O(mn)

follow up

691. Stickers to Spell Word

# https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/462528746

class Solution(object):
    def minStickers(self, stickers, target):
        m = len(stickers)
        mp = [[0]*26 for y in range(m)] 
        for i in range(m):
            for c in stickers[i]:
                mp[i][ord(c)-ord('a')] += 1    
        dp = {}
        dp[""] = 0
        
        def helper(dp, mp, target):
            if target in dp:
                return dp[target]
            n = len(mp)
            tar = [0]*26
            for c in target:
                tar[ord(c)-ord('a')] += 1   
            ans = float('inf')
            for i in range(n):
                if mp[i][ord(target[0])-ord('a')] == 0:
                    continue
                s = ''
                for j in range(26):
                    if tar[j] > mp[i][j]:
                        s += chr(ord('a')+j)*(tar[j] - mp[i][j]) 
                tmp = helper(dp, mp, s)
                if (tmp != -1): 
                    ans = min(ans, 1+tmp)    
            dp[target] = -1 if ans == float('inf') else ans
            return dp[target]
                
        return helper(dp, mp, target)

• 状态压缩BFS(-> 最短路径): 关键在于状态的表征

# 想拼凑成的target共有n个字符, 从空到完全拼成需要2**n个状态表示.

class Solution:
    def minStickers(self, stickers: List[str], target: str) -> int:
        queue = collections.deque([0])
        steps = 0
        n = len(target)
        visited = [False] * (2 ** n)  # 1 << n, n位字符，全是0到全是1共有2^n个状态
        visited[0] = True

        while queue:
            for _ in range(len(queue)):
                current_state = queue.popleft()

                # 全部位都是1代表已凑成target
                if current_state == 2 ** n - 1:
                    return steps

                for sticker in stickers:
                    next_state = current_state
                    sticker_count = collections.Counter(sticker)

                    for i, char in enumerate(target):
                        # If the character at position i is not yet added, and the sticker has the char.
                        if not (next_state & (1 << i)) and sticker_count[char]:
                            next_state |= 1 << i  # next_state += 1 << i
                            sticker_count[char] -= 1

                    # If the next state has not been visited, mark it as visited and add to the queue.
                    if not visited[next_state]:
                        visited[next_state] = True
                        queue.append(next_state)
            steps += 1
        return -1

from typing import List
from collections import deque, Counter

class Solution:
    def minStickers(self, stickers: List[str], target: str) -> int:
        n = len(target)
        state_size = 1 << n  # 2 ** n, 如果target[i]已有，则为1，否则为0
        q = deque([0])
        dist = {0: 0}

        while q:
            now = q.popleft()
            for sticker in stickers:
                state = now
                cnt = Counter(sticker)
                for i, c in enumerate(target):
                    if now & (1 << i) == 0 and cnt[c] > 0:
                        cnt[c] -= 1
                        state += (1 << i)
                if state in dist:
                    continue
                q.append(state)
                dist[state] = dist[now] + 1
                if state == state_size - 1:
                    return dist[state]
        return -1